CIPS L4M8 問題集

質問 1：
Which Incoterm applies here?
The supplier is responsible for delivering the goods to a point alongside a water vessel (such as a dock or quay) as determined by the buyer at a named port. Once delivered, all risk is transferred to the buyer until the goods are transported and delivered to their name destination.
A. DAP - Delivered At Place
B. DDP - Delivery Duty Paid
C. DAT - Delivered At Terminal
D. FAS - Free Alongside Ship
正解：D

質問 2：
Describe three types of fraud that could occur within the supply chain of an organization with which you are familiar.
正解：
Fraud occurs when a person acts deliberately to secure monies from another party through dishonest method. Within the supply chain of an organization, fraud can represent itself in the following ways:
1. Kickbacks: e.g. (commission given to a bribe taker for service perform)
2. Corrupt influence (e.g ordering more than what is required)
3. Collusion: (group of suppliers working together to submit multiple bids and split profit.
4. Bid Rigging (a contract is informally agreed with a chosen supplier prior to the official process
5. invoicing fraud
6. Substitution (submitting products that are below the required quality
7. False claims (files false document)
Case Study
A series of news stories reporting events such as the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in 2013 have drawn attention to the poor conditions in garment factories across India and South East Asi a. Human rights groups have long be critical of the excessive hours and poor wages workers are forced to endure, as well as the abuse they receive from supervisor. With consumers becoming increasingly aware of these conditions, more pressure is being put on global brands and retailers to ensure their supply chains are fair and ethical.
Certain areas have been notorious for the mistreatment of workers. In India's textile valley', young women are been bound into contracts where they work for two to three years, in exchange for a lump sum of money that they can then put towards a dowry. This is known as the 'Sumangali [a married woman] Thittam' scheme. These women are forced to live in hostels under restrictions that prevent them from moving, and are denied the opportunity to improve their living conditions. Retailers including Walmart and H&M are known to source garments from factories in the 'textile valley'.
Reports by organizations including the Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), Central Combodia, Global Labor Justice, Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS) Indonesia, and Society for Labour and Development (SLD) India have exposed unethically run factories that supply garments to H&M, Gap and Walmart. However, retailers will continue to benefit from expensive labour until mounting customers pressure causes them to change.

質問 3：
Explain how procurement should decide whether to make or buy a product or service.
正解：
Make or buy decision are about whether a products or services should be made within the organization or bought-in from an external supplier.
For a procurement professional to establish which method (make or buy) offers the best value, the item in question must be thought through if it is core to the organization and which option will add more value to the organization, as regards achieving its strategic goals. If it is core the procurement professional decide to make it and if it is not core the product or services can be bought in.

質問 4：
What are the four quadrants in the Mendelow stakeholder matrix?
正解：
Stakeholder are individuals or organizations that can be affected directly or indirectly by any project or decision. For successful procurement activities to take place, stakeholders must be identified, engaged and managed. Not all stakeholders require the same level of engagement and management. To appropriately manage identified stakeholders, the Mendelow management matrix has categorized stakeholders in four quadrants, according to how low or high their power and interest in the project could be. The four categories are:
1) Minimum effort (low power-Low interest)
2) Keep satisfied (high power-Low interest)
3) Keep informed (Low power - high interest)
4) Manage closely (High power- High interest)

質問 5：
Explain which factors should be considered when deciding the quantity of a product to order.
正解：
When reviewing supplier's response the procurement professional should consider the right quantity of product or service that has to be ordered at anytime as against the price to decide how to gain the best cost.
Factors to consider include the following
(1)Cost of inventory
(2) cost of insurance
(3) cost of transportation.
These three should be considered against price.
Note: Incoterms are versatile and procurement professionals should understand how they are ap-plied and what point the risk transfers from being the supplier's responsibility to being the buyer's responsibility. It is important to consult the ICC for the most recent definitions, but in the following questions (101-111) you can understand the rules.
Note: sharpen your knowledge on INCOTERMS. Please consider the following Objective Re-sponse questions

質問 6：
What is needed for a contract to be binding?
正解：
A contract is written or verbal agreement, made between two or more parties that is legally enforceable.
For a contract to be legally binding it must include intention of parties entering into the contracts.
All parties must have the capacity to contract or be contracted.
They must be of a sound mind, there should be a promise (offer) for performance from the other party and an exchange (consideration) of one thing for another within an agreement for contract to be binding, and there must be an acceptance of the offeror's offer by the offeree.

質問 7：
What is commissioning?
正解：
Commissioning is bringing something new into working condition, e.g start running a gas plant after building it. Commissioning is one of the eight elements that form the cycle of whole life asset management. The commissioning of an asset has the following associated costs, installation, training insurance, testing, operational efficiencies/performance and quality.

質問 8：
Describe two ways in which an organization with which you are familiar could use continuous im-provement as part of whole life asset management.
正解：
Continuous improvement relates to removing waste from the supply chain and improving processes to increase efficiency within whole life asset management in a full power project (a flour producing firm) can benefit from continuous improvement in the following ways;
1) Reduce cost of spears by recondition parts, instead of disposing them out rightly.
2) Can reduce down time by conducting routine maintenance after hours.
3) Can reducing accident by up skilling operators on safety
4) Can reduce waste oil by following owner's manual instead of relying on experience.
5) Create efficiencies by operating a 24/7 shift pattern.