CIPS L4M8 問題集

質問 1：
What are the ILO and ETI?
正解：
ILO stands for International Labour Organization- It is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance justice and promote decent work by setting international labor standard.
ETI is Ethical Trading Initiative: It is a leading alliance of companies, trade unions and NGOs that promote respect for workers right around the globe. Its vision is a world where all workers are free from exploitation and discrimination and enjoys condition of freedom, security and equity.

質問 2：
Describe two negative factors associated with ordering excess inventory.
正解：
In the decision to not run out of supplies, organizations can anticipate a peak were by it products will be in a high demand or a period of scarcity of raw materials and may want to increase the in-ventory. However, if this forecast is not accurate, it may lead the organization to holding excess inventory. This can expose the organization to some negative factors.
Acquisition Cost: The organization will incur an acquisition cost for the excess inventory which is inclusive of the cost of placing the order and the cost of purchasing the goods.
Holding Cost: The organization will spend more money holding the stock, trying to keep it in good condition by providing the required light, temperature, skilled handlers and so on.
Working Capital not adding value: This will off shoot the holding cost. Also valuable working capital in excess stock which in the time not adding value, can affect the liquidity of the business. This is also an opportunity cost and increase solvency.

質問 3：
What are the 3Ps in the triple bottom line.
正解：
Trying to measure how sustainable an organization was use to be challenging undertaking. However, during the 1990s, a concept brought up by American John Elkington change the way sustainability was measured. This framework is known as the triple bottom line (TBL) and measures sustainability in relation to organizational performance and investment against the 3Ps (1) Profits (2) People (3) Planet. For example; Profit: A packaging manufacturer reinvesting its profits in State- of-the-art recycling machinery for it wasted cardboard.
People: A large privately owned call centre donate its end of life computers to a local youth clubs and social groups to help gain internet cases.
Planet: A driving instructors using only hybrid vehicles to teach her learners, thus to reducing Co2 emission.

質問 4：
Create two KPIs and two SLAs for a contract with which you are familiar.
正解：
Key performance Indicators (KPIs) and service level Agreement (SLA) are measures that demon-strate the effectiveness of a supplier. By using KPIs and SLAs as part of suppliers management, procurement professionals can monitor and evaluate performance and identify areas that need attention or improvement. KPIs and SLAs are used for product and service contract respectively.
Two KPI
1) Number of defects: Not more than two defects is allowed on the generator and its accessories
2) Supplier Lead Time: Delivery after placing order should not be anytime longer than 14 days.
Two SLAs
1) The toilet should be washed with soap, and deodorant should be sprayed twice a day
2) Bathroom and toilet should not be allowed to smell out to the passage. Bathroom smelling out to the passage twice a month is a violation of the contract.

質問 5：
What does the acronym SMART stand for?
正解：
When the procurement professional is setting key performance indicator (KPI) where which the supplier performance will be monitored and managed. The KPI is expected to be SMART. SMART is an acronym that is used to set KPI and specification.
S - specific ,
M - measurable,
A - achievable,
R - relevant, and
T - timebound.

質問 6：
What Incoterm applies here?
The goods are considered 'delivered' at the point of release from the supplier's premises or another name place. The supplier is not responsible for loading or transporting the goods and does not have to arrange export clearance - this must be arranged by the buyer. The risk is on the buyer from this point.
a) EXW - Ex Works
b) FCA - Free Career
c) CPT - Carriage Paid To
d) CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid to
A. CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid to
B. EXW - Ex Works
C. CPT - Carriage Paid To
D. FCA - Free Career
正解：B

質問 7：
Which Incoterm applies here?
The supplier is responsible for delivering the goods to a carrier or to an intermediate agreed place and should ensure that the goods have at least minimal insurance cover until this point. Again, the buyer is responsible for ensuring these goods reach their named destination from here.
A. CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid to
B. EXW - Ex Works
C. CPT - Carriage Paid To
D. FCA - Free Career
正解：A

質問 8：
What is the method of monitoring suppliers?
正解：
When a contract has been awarded, either is to meet tangible needs or intangible needs, contractors or suppliers should be managed to ensure that they are meeting up with fulfilling their contractual agreement. To establish this, there are methods of managing contracts and suppliers.
Service level agreement (SLA) clauses: is placed in contract to ensures that supplier meets the expected and agreed level of service Key performance indicator (KPI): are used to manage contracts that fulfill tangible needs, the KPIs are set performance thresholds that are used to monitor supplier's performance.
Management by objectives (MBO): is the process of defining objective that are strategic to the organization relating them to the vision and mission and communicating them to the supplier through the contract and ensuring that this objective is met during contract performance.
Reviews: Regular supplier reviews are good practices, for it gives the buyer opportunity to give feedback on performance.
Continuous Improvement: Contracts and suppliers can be monitored through how they are chang-ing for better incrementally as they are fulfilling the schedule. There must be a set down system to timely improve on the process, people and continuously reduce waste.
Training: It is essential that training, are provided to come up on areas supplier is lacking.