CIPS L4M8 問題集

質問 1：
The supplier is responsible for delivering the goods to a named port or destination (such as an air-port or warehouse), as well as unloading them from the terminal from this point, risk passes to the buyer.
A. DAP - Delivered At Place
B. DP - Delivery Duty Paid
C. DAT - Delivered At Terminal
D. FAS - Free Alongside Ship
正解：C

質問 2：
What are the four methods that can be used to try to resolve dispute?
正解：
Conflict or dispute is the final area a procurement professional considers when creating terms for a contract with a supplier. If conflict or dispute arises, there must be a process put in place in the contract to try to resolve it and these includes; a) Negotiation, b) mediation, c) arbitration and d) litigation.
Negotiation is usually carried out between senior people within organization that are in conflict, if they cannot reach an agreement through negotiation, mediation is the next stage, mediation is when a third party tries to help find a resolution among the parties in dispute. If mediation fails arbitration can start, arbitration involve independent professionals (arbitrators) working with all the party to try to reach an agreement. Parties do not have a formal or legal obligation to follow the arbitrator's recommendation. Arbitration is expensive. If arbitration fails to resolve the conflict, the final stage is litigation, litigation takes time and money, and most people avoid it. It is a legal process where a court decides on the outcome of the dispute. The judge's ruling is final.

質問 3：
What does the acronym SMART stand for?
正解：
When the procurement professional is setting key performance indicator (KPI) where which the supplier performance will be monitored and managed. The KPI is expected to be SMART. SMART is an acronym that is used to set KPI and specification.
S - specific ,
M - measurable,
A - achievable,
R - relevant, and
T - timebound.

質問 4：
Research the ethical standard or accreditation of an industry with which you are familiar.
正解：
If a supplier is accredited or is a member of an association that promotes good ethical conduct, a statement to this effect is likely to be featured on its company documentation. This could be in a form of letters after the organization name or the authorized use of logo.
Accreditation information should be verified by procurement professionals either asking organiza-tion for certification to prove membership or accreditation or checking on a professional register.
Below are associated bodies that form some industries.
1. ISO 14001 - for quality management
2. CIPS - for procurement and Supply
3. Red Tractor - NGO Registered in the UK, promoting human right
4. Amnesty International - human right
5. Carbon Trust - For Carbon neutral status.
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質問 5：
What happens in the public sector, regarding providing feedback?
正解：
A sector is an area of an industry, e.g., private, public or third sector.
A public sector is a sector of the economy that is owned, finance and run by the government. This sector is financed with tax payer's money. And therefore owe the general public an ethical explanation towards all investment and decision.
Once the supplier that is awarded the contract has accepted, the buyer can tell the unsuccessful bidders. This usually happens through email or letter. The public sector is more likely to give feedback to unsuccessful bidders and also have to respond to any stakeholders that request information on why a supplier is not successful.

質問 6：
What is depreciation and deterioration?
正解：
When an organization want to purchase an asset, it considers the depreciation and deterioration in the whole life of the asset and how it will be manage.
Depreciation is the reduction in value of a tangible and a fixed asset over time. The purpose of calculating the depreciation of the asset is to give the organization a fair and current view of what the asset is worth at a particular time. Depreciation is a way of converting the cost of an asset into an expense over a period of time. Depreciation is a permanent feature listed against an asset throughout its life time and it based on wear and tear, reduction in performance and reduction in value.
Deterioration is the process of something becoming lower in quality or performance. The longer the asset can last without deteriorating the better value the asset represents.

質問 7：
What are the eight elements of whole life asset management?
正解：
Whole life asset management is the process of evaluating the total price and all associated costs of a product to make an informed decision as to which option will provide the organization with the best value for money option: To achieve this the organization works at the following eight elements.
1. Identify need/objectives/risk: The first stage of the whole life asset management is the same as the first stage in the CIPS procurement and supply cycle: identify the need prior to any asset being procured; the need could be competition in the marketplace, raised/reduced demands or financial concern. Once this need has been identified, the objectives of the new assets need to be set, and this may include being more energy efficient, reducing cost or saving money.
Risk also needs to be explored. When investing in a new asset there are factors to be considered that may or may not be advantageous to the investment. These include; downtime, lost sale/revenue or associated cost.
2. Procurement: Procurement professional would have to source and arrange supply of the asset.
3. Construction: ones the supply has being arranged, then the designing and the manufacturing of the asset begins.
4. Commissioning
5. Deterioration/maintenance
6. Condition performance monitoring
7. Decommissioning
8. Renewal/replacement

質問 8：
Describe one qualitative and one quantitative measures of social impact for an organization with which you are familiar.
正解：
Information gathered in relation to social impact for an organization is both qualitative and quantitative.
Fullpower consult is a project/procurement training company that has gotten a measure of its social impact.
The qualitative measure of the organization is its stakeholders perception. Stakeholders knows that fullpower will do all it can to always give the best value for money.
Fullpower has the policies to give 10% of its profit share back to the community, by sponsoring free trainings for both professionals and vocational.
Addition
Qualitative and quantitative measures of social impact
Qualitative
Stakeholder perception
Reputation
Good Ethical practice
Benefit to the economy
Quantitative
20% Reduction in emission
Amount of funding donated
Amount of train courses delivered
Percentage of Resources Replaced
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