PRAXIS PRAXIS2 問題集

質問 1：
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented
opportunities-as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the
principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics and the other minority groups have difficulty establishing
themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated
by large companies. Now congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded
federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their
efforts to do so on forms field with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone
so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority
enterprises.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of
corporate contracts with minority business rose from $77 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of
corporate contracts with minority business for the early 1980's is estimated to be over $3 billion per year
with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased
patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending
themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses they often need to
make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work
subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face
potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small
entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and
resources and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial
health of the business will suffer.
A second risk is that White-owned companies may-seek to cash inon the increasing apportion-ments
through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns, of course, in many instances there are
legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, white and minority enterprises can team up to acquire
business that neither could Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate
customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent. Even in the best of circumstances,
fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to
broaden their customer bases; when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate
benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
The passage most likely appeared in
A. an encyclopedia of black history to 1945
B. an accounting textbook
C. a yearbook of business statistics
D. a dictionary of financial terms
E. a business magazine
正解：D

質問 2：
RIPPLE: TIDAL WAVE
A. valley:earthquake
B. blizzard:avalanche
C. breeze:hurricane
D. rock:waterfall
E. puddle:downpour
正解：C

質問 3：
While the life-expectancy gap between men and women has shrunk to five years, the narrowest since
1 946, it is no secret that men still need to pay more attention to their bodies. Which of the following is the
most suitable reason for the above?
A. Men tend to join in fearless, risky, dangerous behavior more often than women.
B. Men largely define themselves by their work, which adds to stress and to being disconnected from their
emotional side.
C. Mentend to drink and smoke more than women and generally tend to have less healthy lifestyles.
D. Men do not seek medical help as often as women.
E. Men do not accept that they are sick and need help.
正解：D

質問 4：
Today's work force has a new set of values. Ten years ago a manager who was offered a promotion in a
distant city would not have questioned the move. Today a manager in that same situation might choose
family happiness instead of career advancement.
Which one of the following is the most significant assumption made by the author?
A. A promotion is a way of luring an employee to post him to a distant city
B. People are more attached to their families now
C. Ten years back people were more conscious about morals
D. The members of a family need to be together to be happy
E. Ten years back promotions were more important than family happiness
正解：D

質問 5：
6 students of nursery class are playing a game. They are standing in a circle and have to pass a ball
among themselves. How many such passes are possible?
A. 46656
B. 32760
C. 15625
D. 36
E. 30
正解：C

質問 6：
In an entrance test that is graded on the basis of English and general knowledge, the probability of a
randomly chosen student passing both the tests is 0.5 and the probability of passing neither is 0.1. If the
probability of passing the English test is 0.75, then what is the probability of passing the general
knowledge test?
A. 5/13
B. 3/5
C. 11/20
D. 13/20
E. 1/20
正解：D

質問 7：
EMBEZZLER: FUNDS
A. traitor: enemy
B. poacher: game
C. opportunist: luck
D. convict: sentence
E. instigator: disturbance
正解：B

質問 8：
HARBOR: SAFETH
A. oasis:thirst
B. restaurant: starvation
C. music: disturbance
D. quicksand:security
E. prison:confinement
正解：E

質問 9：
Those examples of poetic justice that occur in medieval and Elizabethan literature, and that seem so
satisfying, have encouraged a whole school of twentieth-century scholars to "find" further examples. In
fact, these scholars have merely forced victimized character into a moral framework by which the
injustices inflicted on them are, somehow or other, justified. Such scholars deny that the sufferers in a
tragedy are innocent; they blame the victims themselves for their tragic fates. Any misdoing is enough to
subject a character to critical whips. Thus, there are long essays about the misdemeanors of Webster's
Duchess of Malfi, who defined her brothers, and he behavior of Shakespeare's Desdemona, who
disobeyed her father.
Yet it should be remembered that the Renaissance writer Matteo Bandello strongly protests the injustice
of the severe penalties issued to women for acts of disobedience that men could, and did, commit with
virtual impunity. And Shakespeare, Chaucer, and Webster often enlist their readers on the side of their
tragic heroines by describing injustices so cruel that readers cannot but join in protest. By portraying
Griselda, in the Clerk's Tale, as a meek, gentle victim who does not criticize, much less rebel against the
prosecutor, her husband Waltter, Chaucer incites readers to espouse Griselda's cause against Walter's
oppression. Thus, efforts to supply historical and theological rationalization for Walter's persecutions tend
to turn Chaucer's fable upside down, to deny its most obvious effect on reader's sympathies. Similarly, to
assert that Webster's Duchess deserved torture and death because she chose to marry the man she
loved and to bear their children is, in effect to join forces with her tyrannical brothers, and so to confound
the operation of poetic justice, of which readers should approve, with precisely those examples of social
injustice that Webster does everything in his power to make readers condemn. Indeed. Webster has his
heroin so heroically lead the resistance to tyranny that she may well in spire members of the audience to
imaginatively joins forces with her against the cruelty and hypocritical morality of her brothers.
Thus Chaucer and Webster, in their different ways, attack injustice, argue on behalf of the victims, and
prosecute the persecutors. Their readers serve them as a court of appeal that remains free to rule, as the
evidence requires, and as common humanity requires, in favor of the innocent and injured parties. For, to
paraphrase the noted eighteenth-century scholar, Samuel Johnson, despite all the refinements of subtlety
and the dogmatism of learning, it is by the common sense and compassion of readers who are
uncorrupted by the characters and situations in mereval and Dlizabetahn literature, as in any other
literature, can best be judged.
In The context of the author's discussion of regulating change, which of the following could be most
probably regarded as a "strong referee" (Line 30) In the United States?
A. A social worker
B. A government inspector
C. A federal court judge
D. A political theorist
E. A school principle
正解：C