PRAXIS PRAXIS2 問題集

質問 1：
SOLITUDE: RECLUSE::
A. courtesy: braggart
B. abuse:official
C. poverty: donor
D. attention:exhibitionist
E. persecution:director
正解：D

質問 2：
HYPERBOLE: LANGUAGE
A. whimsicality: poetry
B. idiom: slang
C. ambition:working
D. repetition:behavior
E. prodigality: spending
正解：E

質問 3：
Most economists in the United States seem captivated by spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing
seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.
A price that is determined by the seller or for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate
of consumers seems pernicious, Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price fixing (the
determination of prices by the seller) as both "normal" and having a valuable economic function. In fact,
price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an
effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that requires, Modern industrial planning
requires and rewards great size. Hence a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for
the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus
avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of
free-markets economic theories. But each large firms will also act with full consideration of the needs that
it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus
avoid significant price cutting, because price cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a
stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect
it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not.
More over those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the
most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non socialist countries
other than the United States. These economies employ intentional price-fixing usually in an overt fashion.
Formal price fixing by cartel and informal price fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry
are common place. Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market and inefficient about
price fixing, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically
in their economic development. There is no indication that they have.
Socialist industry also works within a frame work of controlled prices. In early 1970's, the Soviet Union
began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution
has accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to
the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by free market over which they
exercise little influenced than are capitalist firms.
The author asserts that the discoveries of the white dwarf, the neutron star, and the black hole are
significant because these discoveries.
A. pose the most comprehensive and fundamental problem faced by physicists in decades
B. establish the relationship between the mass and gravitational pressure.
C. clarify the paradox suggested by the collapse of electrons into atomic nuclei.
D. assist in establishing the age of the universe by tracing the life histories of stars.
E. Demonstrate the probability of infinite density and infinitely small dimensions
正解：A

質問 4：
One problem found when teaching skills online is learners' lack of opportunity for skill practice. The online
learning environment is deficient in face-to-face interaction, and opportunities for self-regulation make it
difficult to ensure learners practice skills despite the positive effects of such practice on skill improvement.
Which of the following is the most suitable solution to the problem?
A. Advanced technology can be used so that the teacher and learner can face each other at fixed timings
B. Better software should be developed to give enough practice of the skill
C. Online teaching can be supplemented with classes where the teachers and students can interact
D. Methods should be developed for the regular and efficient on-line assessment of the skills by experts
E. Self regulation techniques should be made more advanced
正解：D

質問 5：
BIRD : MOLT::
A. fish : catch
B. rabbit: trap
C. Bear: hibernate
D. hawk : prey
E. snake : slough
正解：E

質問 6：
The fossil remain of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more
than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted
hangglider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly
what these creatures were-reptiles or birds-are among the questions scientist have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls,
pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the
class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing like
membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws, in birds the second finger is the
principle strut of the wing, which consists primarily of features. If the pterosaur walked or remained
stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape
along side of the animal's body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not
surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the
pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a saving in weight. In the birds,
however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T.H. Huxley reasoned
that flying vertebrates must have been warm blooded because flying implies a high internal temperature.
Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the
body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and
relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidenced that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became air-borne have led to suggestions that they launched
themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests
of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaur's hind feet
resembled a bat's and could served as hooks by which the animal could bang in preparation for flight. The
second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without
damaging their wings. The birds calls for high waves to channels updrafts. The wind that made such
waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.
The conclusion stated about the number of people who suffer as a result of forced idleness depends
primarily on the point that
A. those in forced idleness include, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers and
those not actively seeking work
B. the capacity for self-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages
C. in times of high unemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for long
D. at different times during the year, different people are unemployed
E. many of those who are affected by unemployment are dependents of unemployed workers.
正解：D

質問 7：
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented
opportunities-as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the
principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics and the other minority groups have difficulty establishing
themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated
by large companies. Now congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded
federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their
efforts to do so on forms field with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone
so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority
enterprises.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of
corporate contracts with minority business rose from $77 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of
corporate contracts with minority business for the early 1980's is estimated to be over $3 billion per year
with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased
patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending
themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses they often need to
make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work
subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face
potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small
entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and
resources and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial
health of the business will suffer.
A second risk is that White-owned companies may-seek to cash inon the increasing apportion-ments
through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns, of course, in many instances there are
legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, white and minority enterprises can team up to acquire
business that neither could Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate
customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent. Even in the best of circumstances,
fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to
broaden their customer bases; when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate
benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to
working with minority subcontractors?
A. Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970's
their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.
B. The significant response of corporation in the 1970's is likely to be sustained and conceivably be
increased throughout the 1980's
C. Annoyed by the proliferations of "front" organizations, corporate are likely to reduce their efforts to work
with minority owned subcontractors in the near future.
D. Although corporations are eager to co-operate with minority owned businesses, a shortage of capital in
the 1970's made substantial response Impossible.
E. The enormous corporate response has all but eliminated the dangers of over expansion that used to
plague small minority owned businesses.
正解：B

質問 8：
OIL: LUBRICATE::
A. jacket: button
B. speedometer: accelerate
C. knife : sharpen
D. adhesive: bond
E. nail: hammer
正解：D

質問 9：
INDECIPHERABLE: DECORDED
A. anarchical: reprimanded
B. infamous:known
C. irrefutable: disproved
D. prodigal: returned
E. enfranchised:voted
正解：C