Nutanix NCM-MCI-6.5 問題集

質問 1：
Task 9
Part1
An administrator logs into Prism Element and sees an alert stating the following:
Cluster services down on Controller VM (35.197.75.196)
Correct this issue in the least disruptive manner.
Part2
In a separate request, the security team has noticed a newly created cluster is reporting.
CVM [35.197.75.196] is using the
They have provided some new security requirements for cluster level security.
Security requirements:
Update the default password for the root user on the node to match the admin user password: Note:
192.168.x.x is not available. To access a node use the Host IP (172.30.0.x) from a CVM or the supplied external IP address.
Update the default password for the nutanix user on the CVM to match the admin user password.
Resolve the alert that is being reported.
Output the cluster-wide configuration of the SCMA policy to Desktop\Files\output.txt before changes are made.
Enable the Advance intrusion Detection Environment (AIDE) to run on a weekly basis for the cluster.
Enable high-strength password policies for the cluster.
Ensure CVMs require SSH keys for login instead of passwords. (SSH keys are located in the Desktop\Files\SSH folder).
Ensure the clusters meets these requirements. Do not reboot any cluster components.
正解：
See the Explanation for step by step solution.
Explanation
To correct the issue of cluster services down on Controller VM (35.197.75.196) in the least disruptive manner, you need to do the following steps:
Log in to Prism Element using the admin user credentials.
Go to the Alerts page and click on the alert to see more details.
You will see which cluster services are down on the Controller VM. For example, it could be cassandra, curator, stargate, etc.
To start the cluster services, you need to SSH to the Controller VM using the nutanix user credentials. You can use any SSH client such as PuTTY or Windows PowerShell to connect to the Controller VM. You will need the IP address and the password of the nutanix user, which you can find in Desktop\Files\SSH\nutanix.txt.
Once you are logged in to the Controller VM, run the command:
cluster status | grep -v UP
This will show you which services are down on the Controller VM.
To start the cluster services, run the command:
cluster start
This will start all the cluster services on the Controller VM.
To verify that the cluster services are running, run the command:
cluster status | grep -v UP
This should show no output, indicating that all services are up.
To clear the alert, go back to Prism Element and click on Resolve in the Alerts page.
To meet the security requirements for cluster level security, you need to do the following steps:
To update the default password for the root user on the node to match the admin user password, you need to SSH to the node using the root user credentials. You can use any SSH client such as PuTTY or Windows PowerShell to connect to the node. You will need the IP address and the password of the root user, which you can find in Desktop\Files\SSH\root.txt.
Once you are logged in to the node, run the command:
passwd
This will prompt you to enter a new password for the root user. Enter the same password as the admin user, which you can find in Desktop\Files\SSH\admin.txt.
To update the default password for the nutanix user on the CVM to match the admin user password, you need to SSH to the CVM using the nutanix user credentials. You can use any SSH client such as PuTTY or Windows PowerShell to connect to the CVM. You will need the IP address and the password of the nutanix user, which you can find in Desktop\Files\SSH\nutanix.txt.
Once you are logged in to the CVM, run the command:
passwd
This will prompt you to enter a new password for the nutanix user. Enter the same password as the admin user, which you can find in Desktop\Files\SSH\admin.txt.
To resolve the alert that is being reported, go back to Prism Element and click on Resolve in the Alerts page.
To output the cluster-wide configuration of SCMA policy to Desktop\Files\output.txt before changes are made, you need to log in to Prism Element using the admin user credentials.
Go to Security > SCMA Policy and click on View Policy Details. This will show you the current settings of SCMA policy for each entity type.
Copy and paste these settings into a new text file named Desktop\Files\output.txt.
To enable AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) to run on a weekly basis for the cluster, you need to log in to Prism Element using the admin user credentials.
Go to Security > AIDE Configuration and click on Enable AIDE. This will enable AIDE to monitor file system changes on all CVMs and nodes in the cluster.
Select Weekly as the frequency of AIDE scans and click Save.
To enable high-strength password policies for the cluster, you need to log in to Prism Element using the admin user credentials.
Go to Security > Password Policy and click on Edit Policy. This will allow you to modify the password policy settings for each entity type.
For each entity type (Admin User, Console User, CVM User, and Host User), select High Strength as the password policy level and click Save.
To ensure CVMs require SSH keys for login instead of passwords, you need to log in to Prism Element using the admin user credentials.
Go to Security > Cluster Lockdown and click on Configure Lockdown. This will allow you to manage SSH access settings for the cluster.
Uncheck Enable Remote Login with Password. This will disable password-based SSH access to the cluster.
Click New Public Key and enter a name for the key and paste the public key value from Desktop\Files\SSH\id_rsa.pub. This will add a public key for key-based SSH access to the cluster.
Click Save and Apply Lockdown. This will apply the changes and ensure CVMs require SSH keys for login instead of passwords.
Part1
Enter CVM ssh and execute:
cluster status | grep -v UP
cluster start
If there are issues starting some services, check the following:
Check if the node is in maintenance mode by running the ncli host ls command on the CVM. Verify if the parameter Under Maintenance Mode is set to False for the node where the services are down. If the parameter Under Maintenance Mode is set to True, remove the node from maintenance mode by running the following command:
nutanix@cvm$ ncli host edit id=<host id> enable-maintenance-mode=false
You can determine the host ID by usingncli host ls.
See the troubleshooting topics related to failed cluster services in the Advanced Administration Guide available from the Nutanix Portal'sSoftware Documentationpage. (Use the filters to search for the guide for your AOS version). These topics have information about common and AOS-specific logs, such as Stargate, Cassandra, and other modules.
Check for any latest FATALs for the service that is down. The following command prints all the FATALs for a CVM. Run this command on all CVMs.
nutanix@cvm$ for i in `svmips`; do echo "CVM: $i"; ssh $i "ls -ltr /home/nutanix/data/logs/*.FATAL"; done NCC Health Check: cluster_services_down_check (nutanix.com) Part2 Vlad Drac2023-06-05T13:22:00I'll update this one with a smaller, if possible, command Update the default password for the rootuser on the node to match the admin user password echo -e "CHANGING ALL AHV HOST ROOT PASSWORDS.\nPlease input new password: "; read -rs password1; echo "Confirm new password: "; read -rs password2; if [ "$password1" == "$password2" ]; then for host in $(hostips); do echo Host $host; echo $password1 | ssh root@$host "passwd --stdin root"; done; else echo "The passwords do not match"; fi Update the default password for the nutanix user on the CVM sudo passwd nutanix Output the cluster-wide configuration of the SCMA policy ncli cluster get-hypervisor-security-config Output Example:
nutanix@NTNX-372a19a3-A-CVM:10.35.150.184:~$ ncli cluster get-hypervisor-security-config Enable Aide : false Enable Core : false Enable High Strength P... : false Enable Banner : false Schedule : DAILY Enable iTLB Multihit M... : false Enable the Advance intrusion Detection Environment (AIDE) to run on a weekly basis for the cluster.
ncli cluster edit-hypervisor-security-params enable-aide=true
ncli cluster edit-hypervisor-security-params schedule=weekly
Enable high-strength password policies for the cluster.
ncli cluster edit-hypervisor-security-params enable-high-strength-password=true Ensure CVMs require SSH keys for login instead of passwords
https://portal.nutanix.com/page/documents/kbs/details?targetId=kA0600000008gb3CAA





質問 2：
Task 8
Depending on the order you perform the exam items, the access information and credentials could change.
Please refer to the other item performed on Cluster B if you have problems accessing the cluster.
The infosec team has requested that audit logs for API Requests and replication capabilities be enabled for all clusters for the top 4 severity levels and pushed to their syslog system using highest reliability possible. They have requested no other logs to be included.
Syslog configuration:
Syslog Name: Corp_syslog
Syslop IP: 34.69.43.123
Port: 514
Ensure the cluster is configured to meet these requirements.
正解：
See the Explanation for step by step solution.
Explanation
To configure the cluster to meet the requirements of the infosec team, you need to do the following steps:
Log in to Prism Central and go to Network > Syslog Servers > Configure Syslog Server. Enter Corp_syslog as the Server Name, 34.69.43.123 as the IP Address, and 514 as the Port. Select TCP as the Transport Protocol and enable RELP (Reliable Logging Protocol). This will create a syslog server with the highest reliability possible.
Click Edit against Data Sources and select Cluster B as the cluster. Select API Requests and Replication as the data sources and set the log level to CRITICAL for both of them. This will enable audit logs for API requests and replication capabilities for the top 4 severity levels (EMERGENCY, ALERT, CRITICAL, and ERROR) and push them to the syslog server. Click Save.
Repeat step 2 for any other clusters that you want to configure with the same requirements.





To configure the Nutanix clusters to enable audit logs for API Requests and replication capabilities, and push them to the syslog system with the highest reliability possible, you can follow these steps:
Log in to the Nutanix Prism web console using your administrator credentials.
Navigate to the "Settings" section or the configuration settings interface within Prism.
Locate the "Syslog Configuration" or "Logging" option and click on it.
Configure the syslog settings as follows:
Syslog Name: Enter "Corp_syslog" as the name for the syslog configuration.
Syslog IP: Set the IP address to "34.69.43.123", which is the IP address of the syslog system.
Port: Set the port to "514", which is the default port for syslog.
Enable the option for highest reliability or persistent logging, if available. This ensures that logs are sent reliably and not lost in case of network interruptions.
Save the syslog configuration.
Enable Audit Logs for API Requests:
In the Nutanix Prism web console, navigate to the "Cluster" section or the cluster management interface.
Select the desired cluster where you want to enable audit logs.
Locate the "Audit Configuration" or "Security Configuration" option and click on it.
Look for the settings related to audit logs and API requests. Enable the audit logging feature and select the top
4 severity levels to be logged.
Save the audit configuration.
Enable Audit Logs for Replication Capabilities:
In the Nutanix Prism web console, navigate to the "Cluster" section or the cluster management interface.
Select the desired cluster where you want to enable audit logs.
Locate the "Audit Configuration" or "Security Configuration" option and click on it.
Look for the settings related to audit logs and replication capabilities. Enable the audit logging feature and select the top 4 severity levels to be logged.
Save the audit configuration.
After completing these steps, the Nutanix clusters will be configured to enable audit logs for API Requests and replication capabilities. The logs will be sent to the specified syslog system with the highest reliability possible.
ncli
<ncli> rsyslog-config set-status enable=false
<ncli> rsyslog-config add-server name=Corp_Syslog ip-address=34.69.43.123 port=514 network-protocol=tdp relp-enabled=false
<ncli> rsyslog-config add-module server-name= Corp_Syslog module-name=APLOS level=INFO
<ncli> rsyslog-config add-module server-name= Corp_Syslog module-name=CEREBRO level=INFO
<ncli> rsyslog-config set-status enable=true
https://portal.nutanix.com/page/documents/kbs/details?targetId=kA00e0000009CEECA2