PECB ISO-IEC-27005-Risk-Manager 問題集

質問 1：
Scenario 2: Travivve is a travel agency that operates in more than 100 countries. Headquartered in San Francisco, the US, the agency is known for its personalized vacation packages and travel services. Travivve aims to deliver reliable services that meet its clients' needs. Considering the impact of information security in its reputation, Travivve decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001. In addition, they decided to establish and implement an information security risk management program. Based on the priority of specific departments in Travivve, the top management decided to initially apply the risk management process only in the Sales Management Department. The process would be applicable for other departments only when introducing new technology.
Travivve's top management wanted to make sure that the risk management program is established based on the industry best practices. Therefore, they created a team of three members that would be responsible for establishing and implementing it. One of the team members was Travivve's risk manager who was responsible for supervising the team and planning all risk management activities. In addition, the risk manager was responsible for monitoring the program and reporting the monitoring results to the top management.
Initially, the team decided to analyze the internal and external context of Travivve. As part of the process of understanding the organization and its context, the team identified key processes and activities. Then, the team identified the interested parties and their basic requirements and determined the status of compliance with these requirements. In addition, the team identified all the reference documents that applied to the defined scope of the risk management process, which mainly included the Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001 and the internal security rules established by Travivve. Lastly, the team analyzed both reference documents and justified a few noncompliances with those requirements.
The risk manager selected the information security risk management method which was aligned with other approaches used by the company to manage other risks. The team also communicated the risk management process to all interested parties through previously established communication mechanisms. In addition, they made sure to inform all interested parties about their roles and responsibilities regarding risk management. Travivve also decided to involve interested parties in its risk management activities since, according to the top management, this process required their active participation.
Lastly, Travivve's risk management team decided to conduct the initial information security risk assessment process. As such, the team established the criteria for performing the information security risk assessment which included the consequence criteria and likelihood criteria.
Did Travivve's risk management team identify the basic requirements of interested parties in accordance with the guidelines of ISO/IEC 27005? Refer to scenario 2.
A. No, the team should use only the organization's internal security rules to determine the status of compliance with the basic requirements of interested parties
B. No, the team should define the basic requirements of interested parties, but it should determine status of compliance with the requirements after implementing the risk treatment options
C. Yes, the team identified the basic requirements of interested parties and determined the status of compliance with those requirements as recommended by ISO/IEC 27005
正解：C
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 2：
Scenario 3: Printary is an American company that offers digital printing services. Creating cost-effective and creative products, the company has been part of the printing industry for more than 30 years. Three years ago, the company started to operate online, providing greater flexibility for its clients. Through the website, clients could find information about all services offered by Printary and order personalized products. However, operating online increased the risk of cyber threats, consequently, impacting the business functions of the company. Thus, along with the decision of creating an online business, the company focused on managing information security risks. Their risk management program was established based on ISO/IEC 27005 guidelines and industry best practices.
Last year, the company considered the integration of an online payment system on its website in order to provide more flexibility and transparency to customers. Printary analyzed various available solutions and selected Pay0, a payment processing solution that allows any company to easily collect payments on their website. Before making the decision, Printary conducted a risk assessment to identify and analyze information security risks associated with the software. The risk assessment process involved three phases: identification, analysis, and evaluation. During risk identification, the company inspected assets, threats, and vulnerabilities. In addition, to identify the information security risks, Printary used a list of the identified events that could negatively affect the achievement of information security objectives. The risk identification phase highlighted two main threats associated with the online payment system: error in use and data corruption After conducting a gap analysis, the company concluded that the existing security controls were sufficient to mitigate the threat of data corruption. However, the user interface of the payment solution was complicated, which could increase the risk associated with user errors, and, as a result, impact data integrity and confidentiality.
Subsequently, the risk identification results were analyzed. The company conducted risk analysis in order to understand the nature of the identified risks. They decided to use a quantitative risk analysis methodology because it would provide more detailed information. The selected risk analysis methodology was consistent with the risk evaluation criteri a. Firstly, they used a list of potential incident scenarios to assess their potential impact. In addition, the likelihood of incident scenarios was defined and assessed. Finally, the level of risk was defined as low.
In the end, the level of risk was compared to the risk evaluation and acceptance criteria and was prioritized accordingly.
Based on scenario 3, Printary used a list of identified events that could negatively influence the achievement of its information security objectives to identify information security risks. Is this in compliance with the guidelines of ISO/IEC 27005?
A. No. a list of risk sources, business processes. and business objectives should be used to identify information security risks
B. Yes, a list of events that can negatively influence the achievement of information security objectives in the company should be used to identity information security risks
C. No, a list of risk scenarios with their consequences related to assets or events and their likelihood should be used to identity information security risks
正解：B
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 3：
Scenario 4: In 2017, seeing that millions of people turned to online shopping, Ed and James Cordon founded the online marketplace for footwear called Poshoe. In the past, purchasing pre-owned designer shoes online was not a pleasant experience because of unattractive pictures and an inability to ascertain the products' authenticity. However, after Poshoe's establishment, each product was well advertised and certified as authentic before being offered to clients. This increased the customers' confidence and trust in Poshoe's products and services. Poshoe has approximately four million users and its mission is to dominate the second-hand sneaker market and become a multi-billion dollar company.
Due to the significant increase of daily online buyers, Poshoe's top management decided to adopt a big data analytics tool that could help the company effectively handle, store, and analyze dat a. Before initiating the implementation process, they decided to conduct a risk assessment. Initially, the company identified its assets, threats, and vulnerabilities associated with its information systems. In terms of assets, the company identified the information that was vital to the achievement of the organization's mission and objectives. During this phase, the company also detected a rootkit in their software, through which an attacker could remotely access Poshoe's systems and acquire sensitive data.
The company discovered that the rootkit had been installed by an attacker who had gained administrator access. As a result, the attacker was able to obtain the customers' personal data after they purchased a product from Poshoe. Luckily, the company was able to execute some scans from the target device and gain greater visibility into their software's settings in order to identify the vulnerability of the system.
The company initially used the qualitative risk analysis technique to assess the consequences and the likelihood and to determine the level of risk. The company defined the likelihood of risk as "a few times in two years with the probability of 1 to 3 times per year." Later, it was decided that they would use a quantitative risk analysis methodology since it would provide additional information on this major risk. Lastly, the top management decided to treat the risk immediately as it could expose the company to other issues. In addition, it was communicated to their employees that they should update, secure, and back up Poshoe's software in order to protect customers' personal information and prevent unauthorized access from attackers.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Poshoe detected a rootkit installed in their software. In which category of threats does this threat belong?
A. Technical failures
B. Organizational threats
C. Human actions
正解：C
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 4：
Scenario 6: Productscape is a market research company headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. It helps organizations understand the needs and expectations of their customers and identify new business opportunities. Productscape's teams have extensive experience in marketing and business strategy and work with some of the best-known organizations in Europe. The industry in which Productscape operates requires effective risk management. Considering that Productscape has access to clients' confidential information, it is responsible for ensuring its security. As such, the company conducts regular risk assessments. The top management appointed Alex as the risk manager, who is responsible for monitoring the risk management process and treating information security risks.
The last risk assessment conducted was focused on information assets. The purpose of this risk assessment was to identify information security risks, understand their level, and take appropriate action to treat them in order to ensure the security of their systems. Alex established a team of three members to perform the risk assessment activities. Each team member was responsible for specific departments included in the risk assessment scope. The risk assessment provided valuable information to identify, understand, and mitigate the risks that Productscape faces.
Initially, the team identified potential risks based on the risk identification results. Prior to analyzing the identified risks, the risk acceptance criteria were established. The criteria for accepting the risks were determined based on Productscape's objectives, operations, and technology. The team created various risk scenarios and determined the likelihood of occurrence as "low," "medium," or "high." They decided that if the likelihood of occurrence for a risk scenario is determined as "low," no further action would be taken. On the other hand, if the likelihood of occurrence for a risk scenario is determined as "high" or "medium," additional controls will be implemented. Some information security risk scenarios defined by Productscape's team were as follows:
1. A cyber attacker exploits a security misconfiguration vulnerability of Productscape's website to launch an attack, which, in turn, could make the website unavailable to users.
2. A cyber attacker gains access to confidential information of clients and may threaten to make the information publicly available unless a ransom is paid.
3. An internal employee clicks on a link embedded in an email that redirects them to an unsecured website, installing a malware on the device.
The likelihood of occurrence for the first risk scenario was determined as "medium." One of the main reasons that such a risk could occur was the usage of default accounts and password. Attackers could exploit this vulnerability and launch a brute-force attack. Therefore, Productscape decided to start using an automated "build and deploy" process which would test the software on deploy and minimize the likelihood of such an incident from happening. However, the team made it clear that the implementation of this process would not eliminate the risk completely and that there was still a low possibility for this risk to occur. Productscape documented the remaining risk and decided to monitor it for changes.
The likelihood of occurrence for the second risk scenario was determined as "medium." Productscape decided to contract an IT company that would provide technical assistance and monitor the company's systems and networks in order to prevent such incidents from happening.
The likelihood of occurrence for the third risk scenario was determined as "high." Thus, Productscape decided to include phishing as a topic on their information security training sessions. In addition, Alex reviewed the controls of Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001 in order to determine the necessary controls for treating this risk. Alex decided to implement control A.8.23 Web filtering which would help the company to reduce the risk of accessing unsecure websites. Although security controls were implemented to treat the risk, the level of the residual risk still did not meet the risk acceptance criteria defined in the beginning of the risk assessment process. Since the cost of implementing additional controls was too high for the company, Productscape decided to accept the residual risk. Therefore, risk owners were assigned the responsibility of managing the residual risk.
Based on scenario 6, Alex reviewed the controls of Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001 to determine the necessary controls for treating the risk described in the third risk scenario. According to the guidelines of ISO/IEC 27005, is this acceptable?
A. No, Annex A controls should be used as a control set only if the organization seeks compliance to ISO/IEC 27001
B. Yes. organizations should select all controls from a chosen control set that are necessary for treating the risks
C. No, organizations should define custom controls that accurately reflect the selected information security risk treatment options
正解：B
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 5：
According to ISO/IEC 27000, what is the definition of information security?
A. Preservation of authenticity, accountability, and reliability in the cyberspace
B. Preservation of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information
C. Protection of privacy during the processing of personally identifiable information
正解：B
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 6：
Which statement regarding risks and opportunities is correct?
A. There is no difference between opportunities and risks; these terms can be used interchangeably
B. Risks always have a positive outcome whereas opportunities have an unpredicted outcome
C. Opportunities might have a positive impact, whereas risks might have a negative impact
正解：C
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)