Admission Tests GRE 問題集

質問 1：
Recent research has questioned the long-standing view of pearly mussels as exclusively suspension feeders (animals that strain suspended particles from water) that subsist on phytoplankton (mostly algae). Early studies of mussel feeding were based on analyses of gut contents, a method that has three weaknesses. First, material in mucus-bound gut contents is difficult to identify and quantify. Second, material found in the gut may pass undigested out of the mussel, not contributing to its nutrition. Finally, examination of gut contents offers limited insight into the mechanisms and behaviors by which mussels acquire food. Modem studies suggest that pearly mussels feed on more than just algae and may use other means than suspension feeding. Pedal feeding (sweeping up edible material with a muscular structure called the foot) has been observed in juvenile pearly mussels.
Besides the phytoplankton pearly mussels capture from the water column, their guts also contain small animals, protozoans, and detritus (nonliving particulate organic material). Recent studies show that mussels can capture and assimilate bacteria as well, a potentially important source of food in many fresh waters.
Another potential source of food for mussels is dissolved organic matter. Early studies showing that pearly mussels could take up simple organic compounds were largely discounted because such labile (unstable) compounds are rarely abundant in nature. Nevertheless, recent work on other bivalves suggests that dissolved organic matter may be a significant source of nutrition.
Of this complex mix of materials that pearly mussels acquire, what is actually required and assimilated?
Stable-isotope analyses of mussels taken from nature and of captive-reared mussels are beginning to offer some insight into this question. Nichols and Garling showed that pearly mussels in a small river were omnivorous, subsisting mainly on particles less than 2S micrometers in diameter, including algae, detritus, and bacteria. Bacterially derived carbon was apparently the primary source of soft-tissue carbon. However, bacteria alone cannot support mussel growth, because they lack the necessary long-chain fatty acids and sterols and are deficient in some amino acids. Bacteria may supplement other food resources, provide growth factors, or be the primary food In habitats such as headwater streams, where phytoplankton is scarce. Juvenile mussels have been most successfully reared m the laboratory on diets containing algae high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, it appears that the pearly mussel diet in nature may consist of algae, bacteria, detritus, and small animals and that at least some algae and bacteria may be required as a source of essential biochemicals.
The passage mentions which of the following as a factor that limits the information researchers can glean from analyzing gut contents?
A. Mussels may ingest material that is not essential to their nutrition.
B. Juvenile mussels are able to acquire edible material through pedal feeding.
C. Captive-reared mussels ingest substances that wild mussels do not eat.
D. The mechanisms mussels use to acquire food are not well understood.
E. Mussels appear to feed on more than one kind of food.
正解：E

質問 2：

indicate all such statements.
A.

B.

C.

正解：A,B,C

質問 3：
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper
"The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. Dunne this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from SI.50 to over S3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices Such regulation is necessary to ensure fair prices for consumers." Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation
正解：
See the detailed answer in explanation.
Explanation
The letter slates a proposal to act as a solution for a given problem. It states that milk producers have increased the price of milk inspite of an increase in the supply, which enables them to receive excessive profits. The given suggestion is that government intervention might be a possible solution for addressing this issue. The proposal has given only a subjective view but has failed to prove how the government intervention might help them reach the required outcome through valid evidences.
Firstly. The letter has failed to address the population growth in the region of Batavia. in the event of considering the supply and demand in a place. It is crucial to take into consideration the population of the place the equal proportion of the growth in the number of dairy farms This might lead to many reasons and it could also dissolve the issue if the population outburst might have happened.
Another major issue that the letter has failed to address is the impact of the general rise in inflation. It is to be understood that in any economy it is imperative that there would be an increase in the price of products and services over a period of time There could even be an increase in the raw materials fodder, and medical expenses incurred by the dairy farm owners and milk manufacturers.
The third arbitrary assumption made by the letter would be that the profit are being solely taken by the manufacturers., the labor wages, cost of production and even the cost incurred during the delivery might have substantially increased. If various such factors are to be considered then the appropriate solution cannot be just the government intervention and there might be a need for a more comprehensive solution.
To conclude, the letter might appear to have addressed the issue but in reality it has failed to new it from the different dimension and ultimately fails to give a clear responsive view with valued evidences and supportive data.

質問 4：
The snow-covered surface of the lake presents a reassuring illusion of________. but beneath the snow the ice is riven with treacherous cracks.
A. isolation
B. protection
C. substantiality
D. seclusion
E. uniformity
F. soundness
正解：B,C

質問 5：
In the xy-plane. what is the slope of the line that passes through the points (2,-3) and (5. -4)? Give your answer as a fraction.
正解：
see the answer below
Explanation
answer as