Admission Test GRE-Verbal 問題集

質問 1：
The amount of bone in the elderly skeleton-a key determinant in its susceptibility to fractures-is believed
to be a function of two major factors. The first is the peak amount of bone mass attained, determined to a
large extent by genetic inheritance. The marked effect of gender is obvious: Elderly men experience only
one-half as many hip fractures per capita as elderly women. But also, African- American women have a
lower incidence of osteoporotic fractures than Caucasian women. Other important variables include diet,
exposure to sunlight, and physical activity. The second major factor is the rate of bone loss after peak
bone mass has been attained. While many of the variables that affect peak bone mass also affect rates of
bone loss, additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and
lactation. It is hormonal status, however, reflected primarily by estrogen and progesterone levels, that
may exert the greatest effect on rates of decline in skeletal mass.
It can be inferred from the passage that the peak amount of bone mass in women
A. is not dependent upon genetic makeup
B. may be a factor in the rate of decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels
C. depends partly upon hormonal status
D. is determined primarily by diet
E. is not affected by either pregnancy or lactation
正解：E
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 2：
INTERLOPER : MEDDLE ::
A. dilettante : proselytize
B. advocate : espouse
C. ombudsman : refine
D. rogue : repent
E. misanthrope : usurp
正解：B
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 3：
PRIZE : LOTTERY ::
A. diploma : college
B. loan : bank
C. chip : casino
D. rank : tournament
E. grade : student
正解：A
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 4：
INFLATE : BIGGER
A. revere: lower
B. diminish : smaller
C. fluctuate: longer
D. elongate: shorter
E. meditate: higher
正解：B
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 5：
In the 1970s, the idea of building so called "New Towns" to absorb growth was considered a potential
cure-all for urban problems in the United States. It was assumed that by diverting residents from existing
centers, current urban problems would at least get no worse. It was also assumed that, since European
New Towns had been financially and socially successful, the same could be expected in the United States.
In the end, these ill-considered projects actually weakened
U.S. cities further by drawing away high-income citizens. While industry and commerce sought in turn to
escape, the lower-income groups left behind were unable to provide the necessary tax base to support
the cities. Not surprisingly, development occurred in areas where land was cheap and construction
profitable rather than where New Towns were genuinely needed. Moreover, the failure on the part of
planners and federal legislators to consider social needs resulted not in the sort of successful New Towns
seen in Britain but in nothing more than sprawling suburbs.
Which of the following phenomena is most closely analogous to the New Towns established in the United
States?
A. A new computer program that attempts to solve one software problem but that creates another
B. A business that fails as a result of insufficient demand for its products or services
C. A scientific theory that lacks supporting empirical evidence
D. A new game that fails to attain widespread popularity because its rules are unfair
E. A new drug that is never approved for legal sale because of its severe side effects
正解：A
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 6：
In nearly all human populations, a majority of individuals can taste the artificially synthesized chemical
phenylthiocarbonide (PTC). However, the percentage varies dramatically-from as low as sixty percent in
India to as high as ninety-five percent in Africa. That this polymorphism is observed in non-human
primates as well indicates a long evolutionary history which, although obviously not acting on PTC, might
reflect evolutionary selection for taste discrimination of other, more significant bitter substances, such as
certain toxic plants. A somewhat more puzzling human polymorphism is the genetic variability in earwax,
or cerumen, which is observed in two varieties. Among European populations, ninety percent of
individuals have a sticky yellow variety rather than a dry, gray one, whereas in northern China these
numbers are approximately the reverse. Perhaps like PTC variability, cerumen variability is an incidental
expression of something more adaptively significant. Indeed, the observed relationship between cerumen
and odorous bodily secretions, to which non-human primates and, to a lesser extent humans, pay
attention suggests that during the course of human evolution genes affecting body secretions, including
cerumen, came under selective influence.
Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. The human senses of taste and smell have evolved considerably over the course of evolutionary
history.
B. Artificially synthesized chemicals might eventually alter the course of evolution by desensitizing
humans to certain tastes and odors.
C. Some human polymorphisms might be explained as vestigial evidence of evolutionary adaptations that
still serve vital purposes in other primates.
D. Sensitivity to taste and to odors has been subject to far greater natural selectivity during the evolution
of primates than previously thought.
E. Polymorphism among human populations varies considerably from region to region throughout the
world.
正解：C
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 7：
HAND : GNARLED ::
A. tire : flat
B. tree : tall
C. brow : creased
D. foot : cramped
E. flower : crushed
正解：C
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)